To cite the use of this formal theory, please use

  Achim D. Brucker and Michael Herzberg. A Formalization of Web Components. In Archive of
  Formal Proofs, 2020. http://www.isa-afp.org/entries/DOM_Components.html,
  Formal proof development


A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is

@InProceedings{ brucker.ea:core-dom:2018,
	abstract = {At its core, the Document Object Model (DOM) defines a tree-like           
                    data structure for representing documents in general and HTML  
                    documents in particular. It forms the heart of any rendering engine 
                    of modern web browsers. Formalizing the key concepts of the DOM is 
                    a pre-requisite for the formal reasoning over client-side JavaScript 
                    programs as well as for the analysis of security concepts in modern 
                    web browsers. In this paper, we present a formalization of the core DOM, 
                    with focus on the node-tree and the operations defined on node-trees, 
                    in Isabelle/HOL. We use the formalization to verify the functional 
                    correctness of the most important functions defined in the DOM standard. 
                    Moreover, our formalization is (1) extensible, i.e., can be extended without 
                    the need of re-proving already proven properties and (2) executable, i.e., 
                    we can generate executable code from our specification.},
	address	 = {New York, NY, USA},
	author	 = {Achim D. Brucker and Michael Herzberg},
	booktitle= {The 2018 Web Conference Companion (WWW)},
	conf_date= {April 23-27, 2018},
	doi	 = {10.1145/3184558.3185980},
	editor	 = {Pierre{-}Antoine Champin and Fabien L. Gandon and Mounia Lalmas and Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis},
	isbn	 = {978-1-4503-5640-4/18/04},
	keywords = {Document Object Model, DOM, Formal Semantics, Isabelle/HOL},
	location = {Lyon, France},
	pages	 = {741--749},
	pdf	 = {https://www.brucker.ch/bibliography/download/2018/brucker.ea-core-dom-2018.pdf},
	publisher= {ACM Press},
	title	 = {A Formal Semantics of the Core {DOM} in {Isabelle/HOL}},
	url	 = {https://www.brucker.ch/bibliography/abstract/brucker.ea-core-dom-2018},
	year	 = {2018},
} 

An overview of the formalization is given in:

  Achim D. Brucker and Michael Herzberg. A Formally Verified Model of
  Web Components. In Formal Aspects of Component Software (FACS).
  Lecture Notes in Computer Science (12018), Springer-Verlag, 2020.
  http://www.brucker.ch/bibliography/abstract/brucker.ea-web-components-2019

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is


@InCollection{    brucker.ea:web-components:2019,
  abstract      = {The trend towards ever more complex client-side web applications is unstoppable. Compared to
                  traditional software development, client-side web development lacks a well-established component
                  model, i.e., a method for easily and safely reusing already developed functionality. To address this
                  issue, the web community started to adopt shadow trees as part of the Document Object Model (DOM):
                  shadow trees allow developers to "partition" a DOM instance into parts that should be safely
                  separated, e.g., code modifying one part should not, unintentionally, affect other parts of the DOM.

                  While shadow trees provide the technical basis for defining web components, the DOM standard neither
                  defines the concept of web components nor specifies the safety properties that web components should
                  guarantee. Consequently, the standard also does not discuss how or even if the methods for modifying
                  the DOM respect component boundaries. In this paper, we present a formally verified model of web
                  components and define safety properties which ensure that different web components can only interact
                  with each other using well-defined interfaces. Moreover, our verification of the application
                  programming interface (API) of the DOM revealed numerous invariants that implementations of the DOM
                  API need to preserve to ensure the integrity of components.},
  keywords      = {Web Component, Shadow Tree, DOM, Isabelle/HOL},
  location      = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
  author        = {Achim D. Brucker and Michael Herzberg},
  booktitle     = {Formal Aspects of Component Software (FACS)},
  language      = {USenglish},
  publisher     = pub-springer,
  address       = pub-springer:adr,
  series        = s-lncs,
  number        = 12018,
  isbn          = {3-540-25109-X},
  doi           = {10.1007/978-3-030-40914-2_3},
  editor        = {Sung-Shik Jongmans and Farhad Arbab},
  pdf           = {http://www.brucker.ch/bibliography/download/2019/brucker.ea-web-components-2019.pdf},
  title         = {A Formally Verified Model of Web Components},
  classification= {conference},
  areas         = {formal methods, software},
  year          = 2020,
  public        = {yes},
  url           = {http://www.brucker.ch/bibliography/abstract/brucker.ea-web-components-2019}
}