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\isatagannexa
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  \SetWatermarkText{\textbf{\textsf{Draft Proposal}}}
\endisatagannexa
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% urls in roman style, theory text in math-similar italics
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\begin{document}
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\isatagannexa
\renewcommand\thepart{\Alph{part}}
\renewcommand\partname{Annex}
\endisatagannexa

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\newcommand{\indexdef}[3]%
{\ifthenelse{\equal{}{#1}}{\index{#3 (#2)|bold}}{\index{#3 (#1\ #2)|bold}}} % from 'isar.sty'



\isatagafp
  \title{Featherweight OCL}
  \subtitle{A Proposal for a Machine-Checked Formal Semantics for OCL 2.5 %\\
    %\includegraphics[scale=.5]{figures/logo_focl}
  }
\endisatagafp
\isatagannexa
  \title{A Formal Machine-Checked Semantics for OCL 2.5}
  \subtitle{A Proposal for the "Annex A" of the OCL Standard}
\endisatagannexa
\author{%
  \href{http://www.brucker.ch/}{Achim D. Brucker}\footnotemark[1]
  \and
  \href{https://www.lri.fr/~tuong/}{Fr\'ed\'eric Tuong}\footnotemark[2]~\footnotemark[3]
  \and
  \href{https://www.lri.fr/~wolff/}{Burkhart Wolff}\footnotemark[2]~\footnotemark[3]}
\publishers{%
  \footnotemark[1]~SAP SE\\
  Vincenz-Priessnitz-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe,
  Germany \texorpdfstring{\\}{} \href{mailto:"Achim D. Brucker"
    <achim.brucker@sap.com>}{achim.brucker@sap.com}\\[2em]
  %
  \footnotemark[2]~LRI, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, CentraleSup\'elec, Universit\'e Paris-Saclay \\
  b\^at. 650 Ada Lovelace, 91405 Orsay, France \texorpdfstring{\\}{}
    \href{mailto:"Frederic Tuong"
    <frederic.tuong@lri.fr>}{frederic.tuong@lri.fr} \hspace{4.5em}
    \href{mailto:"Burkhart Wolff"
    <burkhart.wolff@lri.fr>}{burkhart.wolff@lri.fr} \\[2em]
  %
  \footnotemark[3]~IRT SystemX\\
  8 av.~de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau, France \texorpdfstring{\\}{}
    \href{mailto:"Frederic Tuong"
    <frederic.tuong@irt-systemx.fr>}{frederic.tuong@irt-systemx.fr} \quad
    \href{mailto:"Burkhart Wolff"
    <burkhart.wolff@irt-systemx.fr>}{burkhart.wolff@irt-systemx.fr}
}


\maketitle
\isatagannexa
\cleardoublepage
\endisatagannexa

\isatagafp
  \begin{abstract}
    The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is one of the few modeling
    languages that is widely used in industry. While UML is mostly known
    as diagrammatic modeling language (\eg, visualizing class models),
    it is complemented by a textual language, called Object Constraint
    Language (OCL). OCL is a textual annotation language, originally based on a
    three-valued logic, that turns UML into a formal language.
    Unfortunately the semantics of this specification language, captured
    in the ``Annex A'' of the OCL standard, leads to different
    interpretations of corner cases.  Many of these corner cases had
    been subject to formal analysis since more than ten years.

    The situation complicated with the arrival of version 2.3 of the OCL 
    standard. OCL was aligned with the latest version of UML: this led to the 
    extension of the three-valued logic by a second exception element, called
    \inlineocl{null}.  While the first exception element
    \inlineocl{invalid} has a strict semantics, \inlineocl{null} has a
    non strict interpretation. The combination of these semantic features lead
    to remarkable confusion for implementors of OCL compilers and
    interpreters.

    In this paper, we provide a formalization of the core of OCL in
    HOL\@. It provides denotational definitions, a logical calculus and
    operational rules that allow for the execution of OCL expressions by
    a mixture of term rewriting and code compilation. Moreover, we describe
    a coding-scheme for UML class models that were annotated by 
    code-invariants and code contracts. An implementation of this coding-scheme
    has been undertaken: it consists of a kind of compiler that takes a UML class
    model and translates it into a family of definitions and derived
    theorems over them capturing the properties of constructors and selectors,
    tests and casts resulting from the class model. However, this compiler
    is \emph{not} included in this document.

    Our formalization reveals several inconsistencies and contradictions
    in the current version of the OCL standard.  They reflect a challenge
    to define and implement OCL tools in a uniform manner.  Overall, this
    document is intended to provide the basis for a machine-checked text
    ``Annex A'' of the OCL standard targeting at tool implementors.
  \end{abstract}
  \tableofcontents
\endisatagafp

\part{Formal Semantics of OCL}
\input{introduction}
%\clearpage
\isatagafp
\input{session}
\endisatagafp
\isatagannexa
\input{UML_Types.tex}
\input{UML_Logic.tex}
\input{UML_PropertyProfiles.tex}
\input{UML_Boolean.tex}
\input{UML_Void.tex}
\input{UML_Integer.tex}
\input{UML_Real.tex}
\input{UML_String.tex}
\input{UML_Pair.tex}
\input{UML_Bag.tex}
\input{UML_Set.tex}
\input{UML_Sequence.tex}
\input{UML_Library.tex}
\input{UML_State.tex}
\input{UML_Contracts.tex}
%\input{UML_Tools.tex}
%\input{UML_Main.tex}
% \input{Design_UML.tex}
% \input{Design_OCL.tex}
\input{Analysis_UML.tex}
\input{Analysis_OCL.tex}
\part{Bibliography}
\endisatagannexa
\isatagafp
\input{conclusion} %no conclusion for standard document
\endisatagafp
\bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}
\bibliography{root}

\isatagafp
\appendix
\part{Appendix}
\endisatagafp
\input{FOCL_Syntax}

\isatagannexa
  \part{Table of Contents}
  \clearpage {\small \tableofcontents }
\endisatagannexa
\end{document}

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